注意：本大纲为参考性考试大纲，是考生需要掌握的基本内容。«英语综合» 是辽宁师范大学为本校招收英语语言文学专业和外国语言学及应用语言学（英语）专业硕士研究生设置的统一入学考试初试科目之一，考试对象为报考辽宁师范大学英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学（英语）专业硕士研究生入学考试（初试）的学生。I.考试形式、考试内容和题型结构一、考试形式试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。答题方式：闭卷、笔试。二、考试内容1.本试卷由客观题和主观题组成，共分为四个部分。2. 第I、II,III（Section A）部分为客观题3. 第III（Section B、C、D）部分为主观题三、题型结构1. Grammar & Vocabulary （语法词汇）该部分为多项客观选择题，每题有四个选择项。2. Cloze （完型填空）该部分为一篇英文短文，长度约为300-350 词，空白处需要考生根据上下文语境从四个选项中选择正确的补全短文。3. Reading Comprehension （阅读理解） 该部分包括选择题、句子释义题、简答题和篇章概述题四种题型。Section A: 选择题，每题有四个选项Section B: 句子释义题，给出句子的英文释义Section C: 简答题，简要回答文中提出的问题Section D: 篇章概述题要求阅读文章后，写150词左右的英文概要II. 考试范围1. 语法词汇：以本科教学大纲规定的词汇量为基础，测试范围包括语法基本结构、词汇的字面意义和隐含意义，同义词，反义词和近义词辨析，惯用法的运用，词的搭配关系。2. 完型填空：考查考生语法、词汇和语篇等各个层面上的语言理解能力和语言运用能力。3. 阅读理解：考查考生的阅读理解能力，测试考生在一定时间内快速和高质量理解文章的主旨大意，并能分析文章的思想观点，谋篇布局，语言技巧和修辞手法。选材题材广泛，包括社会、文化、文学、语言、人物传记等。体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、描写文、议论文等。《英语综合》考题示例I. Grammar & Vocabulary1. When people are asked what kind of housing they need or want, the question ______ a variety of answers.A. defies B. magnifies C. mediates D. evokesII. ClozeThe term e-commerce refers to all commercial transactions conducted over the Internet, including transactions by consumers and business-to-business transactions. Conceptually, e-commerce does not___1___from well-known commercial offerings such as banking by phone，"mail order" catalogs，or sending a purchase order to supplier___2___fax. E-commerce follows the same model___3___in other business transactions； the difference___4___in the details.。。。1. A）distract B） descend C）differ D） derive2. A） with B） via C） from D） off3. A） appeared B） used C） resorted D） served4. A） situates B） lies C） roots D） locatesIII. Reading comprehensionPASSAGE ONE　REFRIGERATORS are the epitome of clunky technology: solid, reliable and just a little bit dull. They have not changed much over the past century, but then they have not needed to. They are based on a robust and effective idea--draw heat from the thing you want to cool by evaporating a liquid next to it, and then dump that heat by pumping the vapour elsewhere and condensing it. This method of pumping heat from one place to another served mankind well when refrigerators' main jobs were preserving food and, as air conditioners, cooling buildings. Today's high-tech world, however, demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.One set of candidates are known as paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current. This effect is used in infra-red cameras. An array of tiny pieces of paraelectric material can sense the heat radiated by, for example, a person, and the pattern of the array's electrical outputs can then be used to construct an image. But until recently no one had bothered much with the inverse of this process. That inverse exists, however. Apply an appropriate current to a paraelectric material and it will cool down.Someone who is looking at this inverse effect is Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications.As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges and air conditioners. The real money, though, may be in cooling computers.Gadgets containing microprocessors have been getting hotter for a long time. One consequence of Moore's Law, which describes the doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every 18 months, is that the amount of heat produced doubles as well. In fact, it more than doubles, because besides increasing in number, the components are getting faster. Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output. And the frequency has doubled a lot. The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company, Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second. The Pentium 4--the last "single-core" desktop processor--clocked up 3.2 billion cycles a second.…A. Multiple ChoicesDirections: Choose the best answer that can complete the sentence from the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.1. Which method of disposing heat in computers may have a bright prospect?A. Tweaking the processors heat sinks.B. Tweaking the fans that circulate air over the processor heat sinks.C. Shifting from single-core processors to systems of subunits.D. None of the above....B. Sentence ParaphraseDirections: Paraphrase the following sentences which are underlined from Paragraphsin plain English. Answers are written on the ANSWER SHEET.1. But until recently no one had bothered much with the inverse of this process.…C. Short-answer questionsDirections: Answer the following questions with no more than two sentences based on textone.1. What is Alex Mischenko’s contribution?…D. Summary WritingDirections: Summarize the main ideas of the following passages in English with 150 words.